Programmable Quantum Processors: Equivalence and Learning

Jaroslav Pavličko

Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2411.02289

Programmable Quantum Processors: Equivalence and Learning

Jaroslav Pavličko

View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

In the first part of the work, the equivalence of quantum deterministic and probabilistic processors was investigated. A programmable quantum processor is a device able to transform input data states in a desired way. Deterministic equivalence as well as three types of probabilistic equivalences - strong, weak, and structural - were defined. Necessary and sufficient conditions for deterministic and structural equivalence of unitarily related processors were discovered. Equivalence of deterministic SWAP processor for two-dimensional data and two-dimensional program space was completely solved. It was found that spans of operators of structurally equivalent processors are identical. Relations between types of individual equivalences were also examined. In the second part, robustness of probabilistic storing and retrieval device (PSAR), originally optimized for implementing a phase gate, to noise was examined - specifically to depolarization and phase damping. In the case of a depolarizing channel mixed with a unitary channel, the device implements noisy channel with the probability that decreases with an increasing number of times the given channel is applied. In the case of the phase damping channel, the device implements noisy channel with the same probability as the original PSAR device optimized for phase gate. Concrete implementations - through the Vidal-Masanes-Cirac scheme and virtual qudit - were examined. Vidal-Masanes-Cirac gives the same result for both noisy channels which is better than the result from PSAR. Implementation through virtual qudit for depolarization yields worse probability of successful measurement than Vidal-Masanes-Cirac. However, it is still better than the probability for PSAR. Probability of successful measurement obtained for phase damping implemented through virtual qudit is the same as for Vidal-Masanes-Cirac and PSAR.

Explore related subjects

quant-ph

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

Jaroslav Pavličko. 2024-11-04. Programmable Quantum Processors: Equivalence and Learning. https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.02289

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Quantum Authenticated Key Expansion with Key Recycling

Data privacy and authentication are two main security requirements for remote access and cloud services. While QKD has been explored to address data privacy concerns, oftentimes its use is separate from the client authentication protocol despite implicitly providing authentication. Here, we present a quantum authentication key expansion (QAKE) protocol that (1) integrates both authentication and key expansion within a single protocol, and (2) provides key recycling property - allowing all authentication keys to be reused. We analyse the security of the protocol in a QAKE framework adapted from a classical authentication key exchange (AKE) framework, providing separate security conditions for authentication and data privacy. We experimentally implemented the protocol with appropriate post-selection. Additional results on the security of pseudorandom basis generation in QAKE and decoy state BB84 are provided.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2026

Entanglement as Difference: Reduction-induced Minimal Partial Entropy Difference

Bipartite mixed-state quantum entanglement (QE) and its measures play a crucial role in both theoretical research and practical quantum applications. Its internal structure is far more complex and less well understood compared with bipartite pure-state QE. Some existing measures involve inherently intractable global optimizations, while others are only applicable to highly limited-dimensional quantum systems. Here based on the inherent feature that bipartite QE systems nonseparable necessarily implies that local reduced density matrix differs from its \textquotedblleft native\textquotedblright density matrix, we propose a more physical and intuitive measure termed Reduction-induced Minimal Partial Entropy Difference to quantify arbitrary bipartite mixed-state QE. Partial Von Neumann Entropy is only a pure-state special case of this method. This measure offers intrinsic structural %perspective insights into bipartite QE characterization, thereby establishing itself as a valuable complementary measure. Its intuitive and clear physical picture, combined with relatively low computational complexity and wide applicability, facilitates exploring its potential quantum information applications, hence its conceptual framework and line of thought deserve to be further developed to describe and quantify multipartite QE in the future.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2026

Non-local mass superpositions and optical clock interferometry in atomic ensemble quantum networks

Quantum networks are emerging as powerful platforms for sensing, communication, and fundamental tests of physics. We propose a programmable quantum sensing network based on entangled atomic ensembles, where optical clock qubits realize mass superpositions arising via mass-energy equivalence, as in atom and atom-clock interferometry. Our approach uniquely combines scalability to large atom numbers with minimal control requirements, relying only on collective addressing of internal atomic states. This enables the creation of both non-local and local superpositions with spatial separations beyond those achievable in conventional matter-wave interferometry with single atoms. Starting from Bell-type seed states distributed via photonic channels, collective operations within atomic ensembles coherently build many-body mass superpositions sensitive to gravitational redshift. The resulting architecture implements a non-local Ramsey interferometer, where gravitationally induced phase shifts are imprinted on non-local entangled states and are read out through local measurements at the network nodes. Beyond extending the spatial reach of mass superpositions, our scheme establishes a scalable, programmable platform to probe the interface of quantum mechanics and gravity, and offers a new experimental pathway to test atom and atom-clock interferometer proposals, e.g. for probing gravitational dephasing, in a network-based quantum laboratory.

quant-ph↗