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arXiv · 2411.03140

The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Medicare Quality Measures

Hala Algrain·Elizabeth Cardosa·Shekha Desai·Eugene Fong·Tanguy Ringoir·Huthaifa I. Ashqar
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Abstract

The Affordable Care Act was signed into law in 2010, expanding Medicaid and improving access to care for millions of low-income Americans. Fewer uninsured individuals reduced the cost of uncompensated care, consequently improving the financial health of hospitals. We hypothesize that this amelioration in hospital finances resulted in a marked improvement of quality measures in states that chose to expand Medicaid. To our knowledge, the impact of Medicaid expansion on the Medicare population has not been investigated. Using a difference-in-difference analysis, we compare readmission rates for four measures from the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program: acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, heart failure, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Our analysis provides evidence that between 2013 and 2021 expansion states improved hospital quality relative to non-expansion states as it relates to acute myocardial infarction readmissions (p = 0.015) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery readmissions (p = 0.039). Our analysis provides some evidence that expanding Medicaid improved hospital quality, as measured by a reduction in readmission rates. Using visualizations, we provide some evidence that hospital quality improved for the other two measures as well. We believe that a refinement of our estimation method and an improved dataset will increase our chances of finding significant results for these two other measures.

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Hala Algrain, Elizabeth Cardosa, Shekha Desai, Eugene Fong, Tanguy Ringoir, Huthaifa I. Ashqar. 2024-11-05. The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Medicare Quality Measures. https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.03140

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