Stationary acoustic black hole solutions in Bose-Einstein condensates and their Borel analysis

Sachin Vaidya; Martin Kruczenski

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arXiv · 2411.06678

Stationary acoustic black hole solutions in Bose-Einstein condensates and their Borel analysis

Sachin Vaidya·Martin Kruczenski

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Abstract

In this article, we study the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with the idea of finding solutions that could possibly correspond to a so-called acoustic (or Unruh) black/white holes. Those are flows with horizons where the speed of the flow goes from sub-sonic to super-sonic. This is because sound cannot go back from the supersonic to the subsonic region. The speed of sound plays the role of the speed of light in a gravitational black hole, an important difference being that there are excitations that can go faster than the speed of sound and therefore can escape the sonic black hole. Here, the motion of the BEC is described by the Gross-Pitaevskii Equation (GPE). More concretely, we discuss singular Stationary solutions of Gross-Pitaevskii equation in 2D (with Circular symmetry) and 3D (with Spherical symmetry). We use these solutions to study the local speed of sound and magnitude of flow velocity of the condensate to see whether they cross, indicating the potential existence of a sonic analog of a black/white hole. We discuss numerical techniques used and also study the semi-analytical Laplace-Borel resummation of asymptotic series solutions to see how well they agree with numerical solutions. We also study how the resurgent transseries plays a role in these solutions.

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Sachin Vaidya, Martin Kruczenski. 2024-12-15. Stationary acoustic black hole solutions in Bose-Einstein condensates and their Borel analysis. https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.06678

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