Bow Metrics and Hyperbolicity

Abstract

A ($λ,μ$)-bow metric was defined in (Dragan & Ducoffe, 2023) as a far reaching generalization of an $α_i$-metric (which is equivalent to a ($0,i$)-bow metric). A graph $G=(V,E)$ is said to satisfy ($λ,μ$)-bow metric if for every four vertices $u,v,w,x$ of $G$ the following holds: if two shortest paths $P(u,w)$ and $P(v,x)$ share a common shortest subpath $P(v,w)$ of length more than $λ$ (that is, they overlap by more than $λ$), then the distance between $u$ and $x$ is at least $d_G(u,v)+d_G(v,w)+d_G(w,x)-μ$. ($λ,μ$)-Bow metric can also be considered for all geodesic metric spaces. It was shown by Dragan & Ducoffe that every $δ$-hyperbolic graph (in fact, every $δ$-hyperbolic geodesic metric space) satisfies ($δ, 2δ$)-bow metric. Thus, ($λ,μ$)-bow metric is a common generalization of hyperbolicity and of $α_i$-metric. In this paper, we investigate an intriguing question whether ($λ,μ$)-bow metric implies hyperbolicity in graphs. Note that, this is not the case for general geodesic metric spaces as Euclidean spaces satisfy ($0,0$)-bow metric whereas they have unbounded hyperbolicity. We conjecture that, in graphs, ($λ,μ$)-bow metric indeed implies hyperbolicity and show that our conjecture is true for several large families of graphs.