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arXiv · 2411.18454

Optimizing Coverage in Convex Quadrilateral Regions with a Single UAV

Alexander Vavoulas·Nicholas Vaiopoulos·Konstantinos K. Delibasis·Harilaos G. Sandalidis
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Abstract

The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into next-generation wireless networks has emerged as a promising solution for providing flexible and efficient coverage. This paper investigates the optimal deployment of a single UAV over an arbitrary convex quadrilateral region, employing a directional antenna with adjustable tilt that results in an elliptical ground coverage footprint. Two coverage scenarios are considered: (i) the largest inscribed ellipse, which maximizes coverage within the quadrilateral while excluding boundary regions, and (ii) the smallest circumscribed ellipse, which guarantees full coverage of the entire area. An optimization framework is developed to determine the optimal UAV altitude by examining path loss, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and energy consumption. Based on a widely adopted path loss model, the altitude that minimizes the maximum path loss is derived, while the effect of antenna directivity on maximizing the minimum SNR at the coverage boundary is also analyzed. Furthermore, UAV energy consumption is evaluated by accounting for hovering, forward flight, and vertical take-off operations. Numerical results illustrate the trade-offs among coverage efficiency, communication performance, and energy consumption under different propagation environments and antenna configurations. The analysis is further extended to all feasible inscribed and circumscribed ellipse configurations, providing a complete parametric characterization of the optimal altitude. In addition, a large-scale evaluation over randomly generated convex quadrilaterals offers a statistical assessment of the proposed framework and demonstrates its robustness under geometric variability.

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Alexander Vavoulas, Nicholas Vaiopoulos, Konstantinos K. Delibasis, Harilaos G. Sandalidis. 2026-07-24. Optimizing Coverage in Convex Quadrilateral Regions with a Single UAV. https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.18454

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