Dynamics of a particle in the double-slit experiment with measurement

Abstract

Spontaneous collapse models use non-linear stochastic modifications of the Schroedinger equation to suppress superpositions of eigenstates of the measured observable and drive the state to an eigenstate. It was recently demonstrated that the Born rule for transition probabilities can be modeled using the linear Schroedinger equation with a Hamiltonian represented by a random matrix from the Gaussian unitary ensemble. The matrices representing the Hamiltonian at different time points throughout the observation period are assumed to be independent. Instead of suppressing superpositions, such Schroedinger evolution makes the state perform an isotropic random walk on the projective space of states. The relative frequency of reaching different eigenstates of an arbitrary observable in the random walk is shown to satisfy the Born rule. Here, we apply this methodology to investigate the behavior of a particle in the context of the double-slit experiment with measurement. Our analysis shows that, in this basic case, the evolution of the particle's state can be effectively captured through a random walk on a two-dimensional submanifold of the state space. This random walk reproduces the Born rule for the probability of finding the particle near the slits, conditioned on its arrival at one of them. To ensure that this condition is satisfied, we introduce a drift term representing a change in the variance of the position observable for the state. A drift-free model, based on equivalence classes of states indistinguishable by the detector, is also considered. The resulting random walk, with or without drift, serves as a suitable model for describing the transition from the initial state to an eigenstate of the measured observable in the experiment, offering new insights into its potential underlying mechanisms.