InAs Nanowire-Based Twin Electrical Sensors enabling Simultaneous Gas Detection Measurements: Nanodevice Engineering, Testing and Signal Fluctuation Analysis

Abstract

Epitaxially grown InAs NWs are relevant for electrical sensing applications due to Fermi level pinning at NW surface, thus very sensitive to surrounding environment. While a single NW growth batch consists of millions virtually identical replicas of the same NW, real samples display subtle differences in NW size, shape, structure which may affect the detection performance. Here, electrical gas detection is investigated the in two NW-based nominally identical or twin devices fabricated starting from the same NW growth batch. Two individual wurtzite InAs NWs are placed onto a fabrication substrate at 2 micrometers distance with 90 degrees relative orientation, each NW is electrically contacted, and the nanodevices are exposed to humidity and NO$_2$ flux diluted in synthetic air. Electrical signal versus time is measured simultaneously in each nanodevice, upon different gases and concentrations. Observed detection limit is 2 ppm for NO$_2$, 20% for relative humidity. Correlation analysis method is exploited by calculating auto- and cross-correlation functions for the experimental signal pairs, indicating lack of cross-correlation in the signal noise of the two nanodevices, suggesting that signal differences could be ascribed mainly to nonidealities of fabrication protocol and nanoscopic differences in the two nanostructures, rather than different environmental conditions.