Containers as the Quantum Leap in Software Development

Iftikhar Ahmad; Teemu Autto; Teerath Das; Joonas Hämäläinen; Pasi Jalonen; Viljami Järvinen; Harri Kallio; Tomi Kankainen; Taija Kolehmainen; Pertti Kontio; Pyry Kotilainen; Matti Kurittu; Tommi Mikkonen; Rahul Mohanani; Niko Mäkitalo; Jari Partanen; Roope Pajasmaa; Jarkko Pellikka; Manu Setälä; Jari Siukonen; Anssi Sorvisto; Maha Sroor; Teppo Suominen; Salla Timonen; Muhammad Waseem; Yuriy Yevstihnyeyev; Verneri Äberg; Leif Åstrand

arXiv · 2501.07204

Containers as the Quantum Leap in Software Development

View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The goal of the project QLEAP (2022-24), funded by Business Finland and participating organizations, was to study using containers as elements of architecture design. Such systems include containerized AI systems, using containers in a hybrid setup (public/hybrid/private clouds), and related security concerns. The consortium consists of four companies that represent different concerns over using containers (Bittium, M-Files, Solita/ADE Insights, Vaadin) and one research organization (University of Jyväskylä). In addition, it has received support from two Veturi companies - Nokia and Tietoevry - who have also participated in steering the project. Moreover, the SW4E ecosystem has participated in the project. This document gathers the key lessons learned from the project.

Explore related subjects

cs.SE

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

Iftikhar Ahmad, Teemu Autto, Teerath Das, Joonas Hämäläinen, Pasi Jalonen, Viljami Järvinen, Harri Kallio, Tomi Kankainen, Taija Kolehmainen, Pertti Kontio, Pyry Kotilainen, Matti Kurittu, Tommi Mikkonen, Rahul Mohanani, Niko Mäkitalo, Jari Partanen, Roope Pajasmaa, Jarkko Pellikka, Manu Setälä, Jari Siukonen, Anssi Sorvisto, Maha Sroor, Teppo Suominen, Salla Timonen, Muhammad Waseem, Yuriy Yevstihnyeyev, Verneri Äberg, Leif Åstrand. 2025-01-13. Containers as the Quantum Leap in Software Development. https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.07204

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Combining Type Inference and Automated Unit Test Generation for Python

Automated unit test generation is an established research field that has so far focused on statically-typed programming languages. The lack of type information in dynamically-typed programming languages, such as Python, inhibits test generators, which heavily rely on information about parameter and return types of functions to select suitable arguments when constructing test cases. Since automated test generators inherently rely on frequent execution of candidate tests, we make use of these frequent executions to address this problem by introducing type tracing, which extracts type-related information during execution and gradually refines the available type information. We implement type tracing as an extension of the Pynguin test-generation framework for Python, allowing it (i) to infer parameter types by observing how parameters are used during runtime, (ii) to record the types of values that function calls return, and (iii) to use this type information to increase code coverage. The approach leads to up to 87.8 % more branch coverage, improved mutation scores, and to type information of similar quality to that produced by other state-of-the-art type-inference tools.

cs.SE↗

arXiv2026

MigrateLib: a tool for end-to-end Python library migration

Library migration is the process of replacing a library with a similar one in a software project. Manual library migration is time consuming and error prone, as it requires developers to understand the Application Programming Interfaces (API) of both libraries, map equivalent APIs, and perform the necessary code transformations. Due to the difficulty of the library migration process, most of the existing automated techniques and tooling stop at the API mapping stage or support a limited set of libraries and code transformations. In this paper, we develop an end-to-end solution that can automatically migrate code between any arbitrary pair of Python libraries that provide similar functionality. Due to the promising capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in code generation and transformation, we use LLMs as the primary engine for migration. Before building the tool, we first study the capabilities of LLMs for library migration on a benchmark of 321 real-world library migrations. We find that LLMs can effectively perform library migration, but some post-processing steps can further improve the performance. Based on this, we develop MigrateLib, a command line application that combines the power of LLMs, static analysis, and dynamic analysis to provide accurate library migration. We evaluate MigrateLib on 717 real-world Python applications that are not from our benchmark. We find that MigrateLib can migrate 32% of the migrations with complete correctness. Of the remaining migrations, only 14% of the migration-related changes are left for developers to fix for more than half of the projects.

cs.SE↗

arXiv2026

Constraint Decay: The Fragility of LLM Agents in Backend Code Generation

Large Language Model (LLM) agents demonstrate strong performance in autonomous code generation under loose specifications. However, production-grade software requires strict adherence to structural constraints, such as architectural patterns, databases, and object-relational mappings. Existing benchmarks often overlook these non-functional requirements, rewarding functionally correct but structurally arbitrary solutions. We present a systematic study evaluating how well agents handle structural constraints in multi-file backend generation. By fixing a unified API contract across 80 greenfield generation tasks and 20 feature-implementation tasks spanning eight web frameworks, we isolate the effect of structural complexity using a dual evaluation with end-to-end behavioral tests and static verifiers. Our findings reveal a phenomenon of constraint decay: as structural requirements accumulate, agent performance exhibits a substantial decline. Evaluated configurations lose 27.28 points on average in assertion pass rates from baseline to fully specified tasks. Framework sensitivity analysis exposes performance disparities: mid-tier models succeed in minimal, explicit frameworks (e.g., Flask) but perform substantially worse on average in convention-heavy environments (e.g., FastAPI, Django). Finally, error analysis identifies data-layer defects (e.g., incorrect query composition and ORM runtime violations) as the leading root causes. This work highlights that jointly satisfying functional and structural requirements remains a key open challenge for coding agents.

cs.SE↗