Exceptional theta correspondence $\mathbf{F}_{4}\times\mathbf{PGL}_{2}$ for level one automorphic representations

Abstract

Let $\mathbf{F}_{4}$ be the unique (up to isomorphism) connected semisimple algebraic group over $\mathbb{Q}$ of type $\mathrm{F}_{4}$, with compact real points and split over $\mathbb{Q}_{p}$ for all primes $p$. A conjectural computation by the author in arxiv:2407.05859 predicts the existence of a family of level one automorphic representations of $\mathbf{F}_{4}$, which are expected to be functorial lifts of cuspidal representations of $\mathbf{PGL}_{2}$ associated with Hecke eigenforms. In this paper, we study the exceptional theta correspondence for $\mathbf{F}_{4}\times\mathbf{PGL}_{2}$, and establish the existence of such a family of automorphic representations for $\mathbf{F}_{4}$. Motivated by the work of Pollack, our main tool is a notion of "exceptional theta series" on $\mathbf{PGL}_{2}$, arising from certain automorphic representations of $\mathbf{F}_{4}$. These theta series are holomorphic modular forms on $\mathbf{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Z})$, with explicit Fourier expansions, and span the entire space of level one cusp forms.