The free and parking quasi-symmetrizing actions

Abstract

We define two actions of the infinite symmetric group on the set of words on positive integers, called the free and parking quasi-symmetrizing actions, whose invariants are respectively the elements of the Hopf algebras $\textbf{FQSym}^*$ and $\textbf{PQSym}^*$. We study in depth the parking quasi-symmetrizing action by generalizing it to actions with a parameter $r\in(\mathbb{N}\setminus \{0\} )\bigcup\{\infty\}$. We prove that the spaces of the invariants under these $r$-actions form an infinite chain of nested graded Hopf subalgebras of $\textbf{PQSym}^*$. We give some properties of these Hopf algebras including their Hilbert series, a basis, and formulas for their product and coproduct. Finally we look more closely at the case $r=\infty$, obtaining enumerative results related to trees with maximal decreasing subtrees of given sizes.