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arXiv · 2502.16099

Realization of electroweak baryogenesis by fourth generation fermions

Hsiang-nan Li
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Abstract

We demonstrate that the electroweak baryogenesis can be realized in the extended Standard Model with sequential fourth generation fermions (SM4). The solution to the coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations for the fermion and Higgs masses indicates that fourth generation quarks $t'$ and $b'$ with the Yukawa couplings above the threshold $g_Q^c\approx 9.1$ form condensates. This critical coupling, greater than the value $g_Y^f\approx 7$ at the ultraviolet fixed point of the renormalization-group evolution in the SM4, implies the existence of an electroweak symmetric phase at a high energy. The $t'$ and $b'$ Yukawa couplings evolve as the energy decreases, and exceed $g_Q^c$ at a lower scale. The Higgs potential with the dynamical symmetry breaking effect from heavy quark condensates plus the one-loop temperature-dependent correction from the heavy scalars formed by $t'$ and $b'$ quarks allow the first-order phase transition characterized by the ratio $ϕ_c/T_c\approx 0.9$, where $ϕ_c$ is the location of the Higgs potential minimum at the critical temperature $T_c$. Together with the baryon number violating sphaleron interaction inherent in the Standard Model and the enhanced $CP$ violation source from fourth generation quarks, the baryon asymmetry in the Universe can be achieved.

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Hsiang-nan Li. 2025-09-03. Realization of electroweak baryogenesis by fourth generation fermions. https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.16099

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