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arXiv · 2502.16698

Variational Instability for Irrotational Water Waves in Finite Depth

Florian Kogelbauer
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Abstract

We study the variational stability of solutions to the periodic irrotational gravity water-wave problem in finite depth with fixed conformal mean depth. We derive a finite-depth Plotnikov transformation for the second variation, including the zero-mode correction specific to finite depth. For fixed conformal mean depth, the trivial solution is strictly variationally stable for $μ>\tanh(kh)/k$, becomes degenerate at $μ=\tanh(kh)/k$, and is variationally unstable for smaller $μ$. Along the primary non-trivial branch, a Lyapunov--Schmidt expansion and a direct evaluation of the Hessian on the bifurcating branch yield a negative direction for every finite depth and sufficiently small non-zero amplitude.

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Florian Kogelbauer. 2026-09-13. Variational Instability for Irrotational Water Waves in Finite Depth. https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.16698

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