On the breathing modes at the interfaces of two medium leading to radiation and guiding of spin waves

Abstract

This paper investigates the propagation and radiation of spin waves in gyroelectric waveguides within the terahertz (THz) frequency range. With applications in imaging, spectroscopy, and integrated circuits, THz radiation has garnered significant interest, but the two-way propagation of traditional plasmonic waveguides limits their potential in nonreciprocal devices like isolators and switches. We explore the use of magnetically biased semiconductors, particularly InSb, which exhibit gyroelectric behavior at THz frequencies, offering promising alternatives to ferrites that face limitations at higher frequencies. Through the analysis of the near field region of a dipole antenna and a loop antenna, we examine the coupling between magnons and photons and the formation of reactive modes with imaginary impedance. We demonstrate how gyrotropy breaks spin-momentum locking, leading to unidirectional propagation of waves, and investigate the emergence of breathing and hyperbolic modes, along with cut-off modes, in these media. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the underlying physics of THz waveguides and their potential for the development of advanced radiating and guiding structures.