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arXiv · 2503.01211

Adaptive cold-atom magnetometry mitigating the trade-off between sensitivity and dynamic range

Zhu Ma·Chengyin Han·Zhi Tan·Haihua He·Shenszhen Shi·Xin Kang·Jiatao Wu·Jiahao Huang·Bo Lu·Chaohong Lee
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Abstract

Cold-atom magnetometers can achieve an exceptional combination of superior sensitivity and high spatial resolution. One key challenge these quantum sensors face is improving the sensitivity within a given timeframe while preserving a high dynamic range. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an adaptive entanglement-free cold-atom magnetometry with both superior sensitivity and high dynamic range. Employing a tailored adaptive Bayesian quantum estimation algorithm designed for Ramsey interferometry using coherent population trapping (CPT), cold-atom magnetometry facilitates adaptive high-precision detection of a direct-current (d.c.) magnetic field with high dynamic range. Through implementing a sequence of correlated CPT-Ramsey interferometry, the sensitivity significantly surpasses the standard quantum limit with respect to total interrogation time. We yield a sensitivity of 6.8$\pm$0.1 picotesla per square root of hertz over a range of 145.6 nanotesla, exceeding the conventional frequentist protocol by 3.3$\pm$0.1 decibels. Our study opens avenues for the next generation of adaptive cold-atom quantum sensors, wherein real-time measurement history is leveraged to improve their performance.

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Zhu Ma, Chengyin Han, Zhi Tan, Haihua He, Shenszhen Shi, Xin Kang, Jiatao Wu, Jiahao Huang, Bo Lu, Chaohong Lee. 2025-03-03. Adaptive cold-atom magnetometry mitigating the trade-off between sensitivity and dynamic range. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adt3938

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