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arXiv · 2503.05505

Correctness Coverage Evaluation for Medical Multiple-Choice Question Answering Based on the Enhanced Conformal Prediction Framework

Yusong Ke·Hongru Lin·Yuting Ruan·Junya Tang·Li Li
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Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in medical question-answering (QA) scenarios. However, LLMs can generate hallucinations and nonfactual information, undermining their trustworthiness in high-stakes medical tasks. Conformal Prediction (CP) provides a statistically rigorous framework for marginal (average) coverage guarantees but has limited exploration in medical QA. This paper proposes an enhanced CP framework for medical multiple-choice question-answering (MCQA) tasks. By associating the non-conformance score with the frequency score of correct options and leveraging self-consistency, the framework addresses internal model opacity and incorporates a risk control strategy with a monotonic loss function. Evaluated on MedMCQA, MedQA, and MMLU datasets using four off-the-shelf LLMs, the proposed method meets specified error rate guarantees while reducing average prediction set size with increased risk level, offering a promising uncertainty evaluation metric for LLMs.

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Yusong Ke, Hongru Lin, Yuting Ruan, Junya Tang, Li Li. 2025-05-08. Correctness Coverage Evaluation for Medical Multiple-Choice Question Answering Based on the Enhanced Conformal Prediction Framework. https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.05505

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