Quantum circuit for implementing AES S-box with low costs

Huinan Chen; Binbin Cai; Fei Gao; Song Lin

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arXiv · 2503.06097

Quantum circuit for implementing AES S-box with low costs

Huinan Chen·Binbin Cai·Fei Gao·Song Lin

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Abstract

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is widely used and well-studied for its efficiency and strong security. This paper presents quantum circuit designs for the AES S-box by introducing the composite field $ F((2^4)^2) $ to replace the traditional field $ F(2^8) $, enabling the inversion to be decomposed into operations over $ F(2^4) $. This work reduces the quantum resource overhead required for implementing the S-box by decreasing the number of $CNOT$ gates in the matrix multiplication, lowering the depth of $T$ gates in both the inversion circuit and the multiplication circuit. Besides, the widths for the S-box quantum circuits are also optimized during the inversion circuit and multiplication circuit. With a linear key schedule, the resulting AES-128 quantum circuit reduce the product of the circuit width and $T$ depth to 102800, which is the lowest known to date.

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BibTeX RIS

Huinan Chen, Binbin Cai, Fei Gao, Song Lin. 2025-08-01. Quantum circuit for implementing AES S-box with low costs. https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.06097

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