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arXiv · 2503.08402

Strong Lensing Effect and Quasinormal Modes of Oscillations of Black Holes in $\boldsymbol{f(R,T)}$ Gravity Theory

Gayatri Mohan·Ronit Karmakar·Rupam Jyoti Borah·Umananda Dev Goswami
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Abstract

In this work, we analyze the strong lensing phenomenon and quasinormal modes (QNMs) in the case of black holes (BHs) surrounded by fluids within the framework of $f(R,T)$ gravity, adopting a minimally coupled model of the theory. Our analysis is conducted for three surrounding fields corresponding to three different values of the parameter $ω$ of the equations of state, each representing a unique class of BH solutions. A universal method developed by V.~Bozza is employed for strong lensing analysis and the WKB approximation method to compute the QNMs of oscillation of the BHs. The influences of the model parameters $β$ and $c_2$ on the deflection angle and associated lensing coefficients are analyzed. Our findings on lensing reveal that smaller values of $β$ and $c_2$ cause photon divergence at larger impact parameters as well as the lensing results converge to the Schwarzschild limit. Extending the analysis to the supermassive BH Sgr A*, we examine the outermost Einstein rings, estimate three lensing observables: angular position $\vartheta_{\infty}$, angular separation $s$ and relative magnification $r_\text{mag}$ for the BHs. For a specific values of $β$ and $c_2$, BHs with different field configurations exhibit substantial variations in their observable properties. The variation of amplitude and damping of QNMs with respect to the model parameter $β$ and $c_2$ is analyzed for the BHs. We found that the $β$ parameter has a direct correlation with the amplitude and an inverse relation with the damping of the QNMs, while $c_2$ has direct correlation with amplitude as well as damping. Further, we use the time domain analysis to verify the results and found a good match between the two methods.

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Gayatri Mohan, Ronit Karmakar, Rupam Jyoti Borah, Umananda Dev Goswami. 2025-08-31. Strong Lensing Effect and Quasinormal Modes of Oscillations of Black Holes in $\boldsymbol{f(R,T)}$ Gravity Theory. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dark.2025.102007

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