Measuring the Sources of Taste-Based Discrimination Using List Experiments

Abstract

This study examines how attitudes among supervisors, co-workers, and customers contribute to discrimination against sexual minorities in the workplace. A large, nationally representative sample in Chile was recruited in collaboration with a local firm. The survey employs a series of double list experiments designed to measure attitudes on sensitive issues while reducing social desirability bias, followed by direct questions on attitudes toward sexual minorities. Findings reveal a discrepancy between reported and actual comfort levels with gay individuals in the labor market. Respondents underreport their discomfort by 15 to 23 percentage points, with the largest bias and lowest comfort levels observed when asked about supervising a gay employee. Additionally, respondents consistently underestimate broader societal support for gay employees and co-workers. These differences are reflected in real-stakes donation behavior: respondents who choose not to donate any amount from a lottery to a local LGBTQ-related NGO also report lower comfort levels and exhibit greater misreporting.