Towards a Robust Exclusion of the Sterile-Neutrino Explanation of Short-Baseline Anomalies

Abstract

The sterile neutrino interpretation of the LSND and MiniBooNE neutrino anomalies is currently being tested at three Liquid Argon detectors: MicroBooNE, SBND, and ICARUS. It has been argued that a degeneracy between $ν_μ\to ν_e$ and $ν_e \to ν_e$ oscillations significantly degrades their sensitivity to sterile neutrinos. Through an independent study, we show two methods to eliminate this concern. First, we resolve this degeneracy by including external constraints on $ν_e$ disappearance from the PROSPECT reactor experiment. Second, by properly analyzing the full three-dimensional parameter space, we demonstrate that the stronger-than-sensitivity exclusion from MicroBooNE alone already covers the entire 2$σ$ preferred regions of MiniBooNE at the level of $2-3σ$. We show that upcoming searches at SBND and ICARUS can improve on this beyond the $4σ$ level, thereby providing a rigorous test of short-baseline anomalies.