Eyes Tell the Truth: GazeVal Highlights Shortcomings of Generative AI in Medical Imaging

David Wong; Bin Wang; Gorkem Durak; Marouane Tliba; Akshay Chaudhari; Aladine Chetouani; Ahmet Enis Cetin; Cagdas Topel; Nicolo Gennaro; Camila Lopes Vendrami; Tugce Agirlar Trabzonlu; Amir Ali Rahsepar; Laetitia Perronne; Matthew Antalek; Onural Ozturk; Gokcan Okur; Andrew C. Gordon; Ayis Pyrros; Frank H. Miller; Amir Borhani; Hatice Savas; Eric Hart; Drew Torigian; Jayaram K. Udupa; Elizabeth Krupinski; Ulas Bagci

arXiv · 2503.20967

Eyes Tell the Truth: GazeVal Highlights Shortcomings of Generative AI in Medical Imaging

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Abstract

The demand for high-quality synthetic data for model training and augmentation has never been greater in medical imaging. However, current evaluations predominantly rely on computational metrics that fail to align with human expert recognition. This leads to synthetic images that may appear realistic numerically but lack clinical authenticity, posing significant challenges in ensuring the reliability and effectiveness of AI-driven medical tools. To address this gap, we introduce GazeVal, a practical framework that synergizes expert eye-tracking data with direct radiological evaluations to assess the quality of synthetic medical images. GazeVal leverages gaze patterns of radiologists as they provide a deeper understanding of how experts perceive and interact with synthetic data in different tasks (i.e., diagnostic or Turing tests). Experiments with sixteen radiologists revealed that 96.6% of the generated images (by the most recent state-of-the-art AI algorithm) were identified as fake, demonstrating the limitations of generative AI in producing clinically accurate images.

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David Wong, Bin Wang, Gorkem Durak, Marouane Tliba, Akshay Chaudhari, Aladine Chetouani, Ahmet Enis Cetin, Cagdas Topel, Nicolo Gennaro, Camila Lopes Vendrami, Tugce Agirlar Trabzonlu, Amir Ali Rahsepar, Laetitia Perronne, Matthew Antalek, Onural Ozturk, Gokcan Okur, Andrew C. Gordon, Ayis Pyrros, Frank H. Miller, Amir Borhani, Hatice Savas, Eric Hart, Drew Torigian, Jayaram K. Udupa, Elizabeth Krupinski, Ulas Bagci. 2025-03-26. Eyes Tell the Truth: GazeVal Highlights Shortcomings of Generative AI in Medical Imaging. https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20967

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