Critical quantum metrology using non-Hermitian spin model with RT-symmetry

Abstract

The non-Hermitian transverse $XY$ model with Kaplan-Shekhtman-Entin-Wohlman-Aharony (KSEA) interaction having $\mathcal{RT}$-symmetry, referred to as $iKSEA$ model, possesses both an exceptional point at which eigenvectors coalesce and a quantum critical point where gap-closing occurs. To precisely estimate the magnetic field of the system, we prove that the quantum Fisher information (QFI) of the ground state of the $iKSEA$ model, which is a lower bound of the precision quantified by the root mean square error, scales as $N^2$, with $N$ being the system-size. This provides Heisenberg scaling both at the quantum critical point and the exceptional point in the thermodynamic limit. It indicates that reservoir engineering can provide enhanced precision of system parameters when the system is in contact with the bath, resulting in this non-Hermitian model. Additionally, we demonstrate analytically that, in contrast to Hermitian systems, QFI surpasses the Heisenberg limit and achieves super-Heisenberg scaling ($\sim N^6$), when the strength of the KSEA interaction approaches the anisotropy parameter, permitting competition between non-hermiticity and hermiticity features, as long as the system size is moderate. Moreover, we illustrate that starting from a product state, the non-Hermitian evolving Hamiltonian can create the dynamical state that surpasses the standard quantum limit in the broken regime.