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arXiv · 2504.04779

Black hole destabilization via trapped quasi-normal modes

Hsu-Wen Chiang·Sebastian Garcia-Saenz·Aofei Sang
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Abstract

In the presence of non-minimal gravitational couplings, matter field perturbations on a static black hole spacetime may develop unphysical poles in their linearized equations. Physical solutions confined in the domain between the event horizon and a pole satisfy a boundary value problem, although with boundary conditions which are different from standard quasi-normal modes. We refer to them as "trapped quasi-normal modes". Focusing on a Schwarzschild black hole in Einstein-Proca theory, we find that trapped quasi-normal modes accurately capture the behavior of perturbations under time evolution. In particular, axial-vector modes are unstable, with a growth rate that increases with multipole number. More interestingly, we uncover a new instability that affects monopole perturbations. These results confirm the existence of a novel destabilization mechanism of black holes by non-minimally coupled vector fields, with potential implications to well-studied models of modified gravity and cosmology based on vector particles.

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Hsu-Wen Chiang, Sebastian Garcia-Saenz, Aofei Sang. 2025-08-15. Black hole destabilization via trapped quasi-normal modes. https://doi.org/10.1103/ksyy-wdls

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