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arXiv · 2504.08783

Mensuração da Transferência de Riqueza em Planos de Contribuição Definida com a Marcação de Ativos na Curva

Abstract

The methodology for measuring financial assets in defined contribution (DC) pension plans has significant implications whether wealth transfers will occur among participants. In December 2024, a regulatory act was issued for Closed Pension Entities, allowing the use of the hold-to-maturity (HTM) measurement method of treasury bonds in DC plans. This article quantifies the financial impact on participants of adopting HTM valuation in these plans, using real data from the term structure of the real interest rates to assess the resulting wealth transfers. The analysis highlights how HTM valuation creates asymmetries in financial outcomes, benefiting some participants at the expense of others. Wealth transfers occur both during any withdrawal of funds and at the time of contributions, including portfolio reallocations that involve buying or selling bonds. Partial use of HTM or attempts to immunize outflows do not completely eliminate wealth transfers. The results reinforce that the use of mark-to-market (MTM) valuation of assets in DC plans prevents wealth transfers and, consequently, financial losses for participants. O método de mensuração de ativos financeiros em planos de previdência na modalidade de contribuição definida (CD, ou contribuição variável CV, na fase de acumulação) tem implicações significativas se haverá transferência de riqueza entre os participantes. Em Dez/2024 foi publicada norma para as Entidades Fechadas de Previdência Complementar possibilitando o uso da marcação na curva de títulos públicos federais nos planos CD e CV na fase de acumulação. Este artigo quantifica o impacto financeiro nos participantes da adoção da marcação na curva (HTM {\it Hold to Maturity}) nestes planos, utilizando dados reais da estrutura a termo da taxa de juros de cupom de IPCA para avaliar as transferências de riqueza resultantes dessa adoção. A análise evidencia como a marcação na curva gera assimetrias nos resultados financeiros, beneficiando alguns participantes em detrimento de outros. As transferências de riqueza ocorrem tanto em qualquer retirada de recursos quanto também na entrada (contribuições), inclusive realocações da carteira que impliquem venda ou compra de títulos. O uso do HTM de forma parcial ou a tentativa de imunização de saídas não eliminam por completo transferências de riqueza. Os resultados reforçam que, para fins de cotização, o uso da marcação a mercado (MTM {\it Mark to Market}) de ativos em planos CD (e CV na fase de diferimento) evita transferências de riqueza e, por consequência, prejuízos financeiros aos seus participantes.

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BibTeXRIS

Eduardo Fraga L. de Melo, Rodrigo S. Targino. 2025-04-05. Mensuração da Transferência de Riqueza em Planos de Contribuição Definida com a Marcação de Ativos na Curva. https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.08783

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