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arXiv · 2504.13523

Beyond-Diagonal Dynamic Metasurface Antenna

Hugo Prod'homme·Philipp del Hougne
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Abstract

Dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs) are an emerging technology for next-generation wireless base stations, distinguished by hybrid analog/digital beamforming capabilities with low hardware complexity. However, the intrinsic coupling between meta-atoms is fixed by static waveguide or cavity structures in existing DMAs, which fundamentally constrains the achievable performance. Here, we introduce reconfigurable intrinsic coupling mechanisms between meta-atoms, yielding finer control over the DMA's analog signal processing capabilities. This novel hardware is coined "beyond-diagonal DMA" (BD-DMA), in line with established BD-RIS terminology. Considering realistic hardware constraints, we derive a physics-consistent system model revealing (correlated) "beyond-diagonal" programmability. We also present an equivalent formulation with (uncorrelated) "diagonal" programmability. Based on the latter, we propose a general and efficient mutual-coupling-aware optimization algorithm. Physics-consistent simulations validate the performance enhancement enabled by reconfigurable intrinsic coupling mechanisms in BD-DMAs. The BD-DMA benefits grow with the mutual coupling strength.

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Hugo Prod'homme, Philipp del Hougne. 2025-07-10. Beyond-Diagonal Dynamic Metasurface Antenna. https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.13523

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