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arXiv · 2504.14653

Wireless large AI model: shaping the AI-empowered future of 6G and beyond

Fenghao Zhu·Xinquan Wang·Siming Jiang·Xinyi Li·Maojun Zhang·Yixuan Chen·Chongwen Huang·Zhaohui Yang·Xiaoming Chen·Zhaoyang Zhang·Richeng Jin·Yongming Huang·Wei Feng·Tingting Yang·Baoming Bai·Feifei Gao·Kun Yang·Yuanwei Liu·Sami Muhaidat·Chau Yuen·Kaibin Huang·Kai-Kit Wong·Dusit Niyato·Ying-Chang Liang·Mérouane Debbah
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Abstract

The emergence of sixth-generation and beyond communication systems is expected to fundamentally transform digital experiences through introducing unparalleled levels of intelligence, efficiency, and connectivity. A promising technology poised to enable this revolutionary vision is a wireless large AI model (WLAM), characterized by its exceptional capabilities in data processing, inference, and decision-making. In light of these remarkable capabilities, this paper provides a comprehensive survey of WLAM, explaining its fundamental principles, diverse applications, critical challenges, and future research opportunities. We begin by introducing the background of WLAM and analyzing the key synergies with wireless networks, emphasizing the mutual benefits. Subsequently, we explore the foundational characteristics of WLAM, delving into their unique relevance in wireless environments. Then, the role of WLAM in optimizing wireless communication systems across various use cases and the reciprocal benefits are systematically investigated. Furthermore, we discuss the integration of WLAM with emerging technologies, highlighting their potential to enable transformative capabilities and breakthroughs in wireless communication. Finally, we thoroughly examine the high-level challenges and discuss pivotal future research directions.

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Fenghao Zhu, Xinquan Wang, Siming Jiang, Xinyi Li, Maojun Zhang, Yixuan Chen, Chongwen Huang, Zhaohui Yang, Xiaoming Chen, Zhaoyang Zhang, Richeng Jin, Yongming Huang, Wei Feng, Tingting Yang, Baoming Bai, Feifei Gao, Kun Yang, Yuanwei Liu, Sami Muhaidat, Chau Yuen, Kaibin Huang, Kai-Kit Wong, Dusit Niyato, Ying-Chang Liang, Mérouane Debbah. 2026-05-09. Wireless large AI model: shaping the AI-empowered future of 6G and beyond. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-025-4949-3

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