Sombor index and eigenvalues of weakly zero-divisor graph of commutative rings

Abstract

The weakly zero-divisor graph $WΓ(R)$ of a commutative ring $R$ is the simple undirected graph whose vertices are nonzero zero-divisors of $R$ and two distinct vertices $x$, $y$ are adjacent if and only if there exist $w\in {\rm ann}(x)$ and $ z\in {\rm ann}(y)$ such that $wz =0$. In this paper, we determine the Sombor index for the weakly zero-divisor graph of the integers modulo ring $\mathbb{Z}_n$. Furthermore, we investigate the Sombor spectrum and establish bounds for the Sombor energy of the weakly zero-divisor graph of $\mathbb{Z}_n$.