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arXiv · 2505.14070

Enhancing LLMs via High-Knowledge Data Selection

Feiyu Duan·Xuemiao Zhang·Sirui Wang·Haoran Que·Yuqi Liu·Wenge Rong·Xunliang Cai
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Abstract

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is intrinsically linked to the quality of its training data. Although several studies have proposed methods for high-quality data selection, they do not consider the importance of knowledge richness in text corpora. In this paper, we propose a novel and gradient-free High-Knowledge Scorer (HKS) to select high-quality data from the dimension of knowledge, to alleviate the problem of knowledge scarcity in the pre-trained corpus. We propose a comprehensive multi-domain knowledge element pool and introduce knowledge density and coverage as metrics to assess the knowledge content of the text. Based on this, we propose a comprehensive knowledge scorer to select data with intensive knowledge, which can also be utilized for domain-specific high-knowledge data selection by restricting knowledge elements to the specific domain. We train models on a high-knowledge bilingual dataset, and experimental results demonstrate that our scorer improves the model's performance in knowledge-intensive and general comprehension tasks, and is effective in enhancing both the generic and domain-specific capabilities of the model.

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Feiyu Duan, Xuemiao Zhang, Sirui Wang, Haoran Que, Yuqi Liu, Wenge Rong, Xunliang Cai. 2025-05-31. Enhancing LLMs via High-Knowledge Data Selection. https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14070

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