Search arXiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2506.11314

HyBiomass: Global Hyperspectral Imagery Benchmark Dataset for Evaluating Geospatial Foundation Models in Forest Aboveground Biomass Estimation

Aaron Banze·Timothée Stassin·Nassim Ait Ali Braham·Rıdvan Salih Kuzu·Simon Besnard·Michael Schmitt
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Comprehensive evaluation of geospatial foundation models (Geo-FMs) requires benchmarking across diverse tasks, sensors, and geographic regions. However, most existing benchmark datasets are limited to segmentation or classification tasks, and focus on specific geographic areas. To address this gap, we introduce a globally distributed dataset for forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation, a pixel-wise regression task. This benchmark dataset combines co-located hyperspectral imagery (HSI) from the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) satellite and predictions of AGB density estimates derived from the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation lidars, covering seven continental regions. Our experimental results on this dataset demonstrate that the evaluated Geo-FMs can match or, in some cases, surpass the performance of a baseline U-Net, especially when fine-tuning the encoder. We also find that the performance difference between the U-Net and Geo-FMs depends on the dataset size for each region and highlight the importance of the token patch size in the Vision Transformer backbone for accurate predictions in pixel-wise regression tasks. By releasing this globally distributed hyperspectral benchmark dataset, we aim to facilitate the development and evaluation of Geo-FMs for HSI applications. Leveraging this dataset additionally enables research into geographic bias and generalization capacity of Geo-FMs. The dataset and source code will be made publicly available.

Explore related subjects

cs.CVeess.IV

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Aaron Banze, Timothée Stassin, Nassim Ait Ali Braham, Rıdvan Salih Kuzu, Simon Besnard, Michael Schmitt. 2025-06-12. HyBiomass: Global Hyperspectral Imagery Benchmark Dataset for Evaluating Geospatial Foundation Models in Forest Aboveground Biomass Estimation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11314

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Lifelong Learning of Video Diffusion Models From a Single Video Stream

Video diffusion models can enable embodied agents to anticipate plausible futures from the recent past, but they are typically trained offline on curated datasets--a mismatch with the agents' learning setup at deployment: online, from a single video stream that sequentially outputs one frame at a time. We bridge this training gap and demonstrate that training autoregressive video diffusion models from such a stream, resembling the experience of embodied agents, is not only possible but can also perform comparably to standard offline training given the same number of gradient steps. We find that this robustness to video stream autocorrelation and nonstationarity can be achieved using experience replay methods that retain a subset of the video stream. To support training and evaluation in this setting, we introduce five new datasets for streaming lifelong generative video modeling: Lifelong Bouncing Balls (O), Lifelong Bouncing Balls (C), Lifelong 3D Maze, Lifelong Drive, and Lifelong PLAICraft, each consisting of one million consecutive frames from environments of increasing complexity. Together, our datasets and experiments lay the groundwork for video generative models and world models that continuously learn from single-sensor video streams rather than fixed datasets.

cs.CV↗
arXiv2026

Bayesian Fusion of Active Contour Models and ConvNet Priors for Standing Dead Tree Segmentation

Instance segmentation is a core computer vision task with great practical significance. Recent advances, driven by large-scale benchmark datasets, have yielded good general-purpose Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based methods. Natural Resource Monitoring (NRM) utilizes remote sensing imagery with generally known scale and containing multiple overlapping instances of the same class, wherein the object contours are jagged and highly irregular. This is in stark contrast with the regular man-made objects found in classic benchmark datasets. We address this problem and propose a novel instance segmentation method geared towards NRM imagery. We formulate the problem as Bayesian maximum a posteriori inference which, in learning the individual object contours, incorporates shape, location, and position priors from state-of-the-art CNN architectures, driving a simultaneous level-set evolution of multiple object contours. We employ loose coupling between the CNNs that supply the priors and the active contour process, allowing a drop-in replacement of new network architectures. Moreover, we introduce a novel prior for contour shape, namely, a class of Deep Shape Models based on architectures from Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). These Deep Shape Models are in essence a non-linear generalization of the classic Eigenshape formulation. In experiments, we tackle the challenging, real-world problem of segmenting individual dead tree crowns and delineating precise contours. We compare our method to two leading general-purpose instance segmentation methods - Mask R-CNN and K-net - on color infrared aerial imagery. Results show our approach to significantly outperform both methods in terms of reconstruction quality of tree crown contours. Furthermore, use of the GAN-based deep shape model prior yields significant improvement of all results over the vanilla Eigenshape prior.

cs.CV↗
arXiv2026

Sonicmesh: Enhancing 3D Human Mesh Reconstruction in Vision-Impaired Environments With Acoustic Signals

3D human mesh reconstruction (HMR) from RGB images often degrades under poor illumination, occlusion, and non-line-of-sight conditions. Acoustic sensing provides complementary spatial cues but suffers from low spatial resolution. We propose SonicMesh, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first acoustic--visual framework for robust 3D human mesh reconstruction. SonicMesh first converts ultrasonic echoes into range--azimuth acoustic images through an Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR)-based imaging process. It then introduces a cross-dimensional anatomical registration module that maps modality-specific 2D joint features into a common canonical 3D human space. The registered anatomical representations are further integrated with acoustic and visual features through a two-stage fusion network for final mesh reconstruction. Experiments demonstrate that SonicMesh achieves accurate and robust 3D human reconstruction across normal, poor-light, occluded, and non-line-of-sight environments, consistently outperforming existing RGB-, radio-frequency (RF)-, and mmWave-based approaches under challenging sensing conditions.

cs.CV↗