Probing the single neurotransmitters with the WGM microcavity-hybridized plasmonic nanospiked antennas

Aneeth Kakkanattu Arunkumar; Ekaterina Zossimova; Michael Walter; Srikanth Pedireddy; Jolly Xavier; Frank Vollmer

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arXiv · 2507.10146

Probing the single neurotransmitters with the WGM microcavity-hybridized plasmonic nanospiked antennas

Aneeth Kakkanattu Arunkumar·Ekaterina Zossimova·Michael Walter·Srikanth Pedireddy·Jolly Xavier·Frank Vollmer

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Abstract

Discerning the neurotransmitter dysregulation is a hallmark of neurological disorders and diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis. The concentration of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft is particularly low, ranging from nM to fM, which makes it challenging to accurately monitor changes over the course of a clinical trial using existing sensing techniques. By means of an advanced whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensor hybridized with plasmonic nanospiked antennas, we detect and discriminate between different neurotransmitters at the single-molecule level. Our results show that the sensor can detect neurotransmitters with exceptional sensitivity down to 10 aM and discriminate between structurally similar neurotransmitters, such as GABA and glutamate, over a large number of detection events. Furthermore, we find that the average WGM resonance shift, induced by a neurotransmitter binding to the sensor, strongly correlates with molecular polarizability values obtained from electronic structure calculations. These findings establish the optoplasmonic WGM sensors as potential biosensor platform in different avenues of neuroscience by detecting and discriminating neurotransmitters as well as investigating their dynamics at ultra low-level concentrations, plausibly contributing to deeper understanding of brain function and neurological disorders.

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Aneeth Kakkanattu Arunkumar, Ekaterina Zossimova, Michael Walter, Srikanth Pedireddy, Jolly Xavier, Frank Vollmer. 2025-07-14. Probing the single neurotransmitters with the WGM microcavity-hybridized plasmonic nanospiked antennas. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.10146

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