Fokker-Planck equation for the Brownian motion in the post-Newtonian approximation

Gilberto M. Kremer

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arXiv · 2507.11082

Fokker-Planck equation for the Brownian motion in the post-Newtonian approximation

Gilberto M. Kremer

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Abstract

A mixture of light-gas particles and Brownian heavy particles is analyzed within the framework of a post-Newtonian Boltzmann equation to determine the Fokker-Planck equation for the Brownian motion. For each species, the equilibrium distribution function refers to the corresponding post-Newtonian Maxwell-Jüttner distribution function. The expressions for the friction viscous coefficient in the first and second post-Newtonian approximations are determined, and we show their dependence on the corresponding gravitational potentials. A linear stability analysis in the Newtonian and post-Newtonian Fokker-Planck equations for the Brownian motion is developed, where the perturbations are assumed to be plane harmonic waves of small amplitudes. From a dispersion relation it follows that: (i) for perturbation wavelengths smaller than the Jeans wavelength two propagating modes -- corresponding to harmonic waves in opposite directions -- and one mode that does not propagate show up; (ii) for perturbation wavelengths bigger than the Jeans wavelength the time evolution of the perturbation corresponds to a growth or a decay and the one which grows refers to the instability.

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Gilberto M. Kremer. 2025-07-15. Fokker-Planck equation for the Brownian motion in the post-Newtonian approximation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11082

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