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arXiv · 2507.14788

Impact of Geant4's Electromagnetic Physics Constructors on Accuracy and Performance of Simulations for Rare Event Searches

H. Kluck·R. Breier·A. Fuß·V. Mokina·V. Palušová·P. Povinec
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Abstract

A primary objective in contemporary low background physics is the search for rare and novel phenomena beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, e.g. the scattering off of a potential Dark Matter particle or the neutrinoless double beta decay. The success of such searches depends on a reliable background prediction via Monte Carlo simulations. A widely used toolkit to construct these simulations is Geant4, which offers the user a wide choice of how to implement the physics of particle interactions. For example, for electromagnetic interactions, Geant4 provides pre-defined sets of implementations: physics constructors. As decay products of radioactive contaminants contribute to the background mainly via electromagnetic interactions, the physics constructor used in a Geant4 simulation may have an impact on the total energy deposition inside the detector target. To facilitate the selection of physics constructors for simulations of experiments that are using CaWO$_4$ and Ge targets, we quantify their impact on the total energy deposition for several test cases. These cases consist of radioactive contaminants commonly encountered, covering energy depositions via $α$, $β$, and $γ$ particles, as well as two examples for the target thickness: thin and bulky. We also consider the computing performance of the studied physics constructors.

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H. Kluck, R. Breier, A. Fuß, V. Mokina, V. Palušová, P. Povinec. 2026-02-19. Impact of Geant4's Electromagnetic Physics Constructors on Accuracy and Performance of Simulations for Rare Event Searches. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc%2Fs10052-026-15358-z

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