Photonic chip-based optical frequency division with PZT-integrated soliton microcombs

Ruxuan Liu; Mark W. Harrington; Shuman Sun; Fatemehsadat Tabatabaei; Samin Hanifi; Meiting Song; Kaikai Liu; Jiawei Wang; Haoran Chen; Zijiao Yang; Beichen Wang; Fateme Majdi; Paul A. Morton; Karl D. Nelson; Steve M. Bowers; Andreas Beling; Daniel J. Blumenthal; Xu Yi

arXiv · 2507.16948

Photonic chip-based optical frequency division with PZT-integrated soliton microcombs

Ruxuan Liu·Mark W. Harrington·Shuman Sun·Fatemehsadat Tabatabaei·Samin Hanifi·Meiting Song·Kaikai Liu·Jiawei Wang·Haoran Chen·Zijiao Yang·Beichen Wang·Fateme Majdi·Paul A. Morton·Karl D. Nelson·Steve M. Bowers·Andreas Beling·Daniel J. Blumenthal·Xu Yi

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Abstract

Optical frequency division (OFD) produces low-noise microwave and millimeter-wave signals by transferring the exceptional stability of optical references to electronic frequency domains. Recent developments in integrated optical references and soliton microcombs have paved the way for miniaturizing OFD oscillators to chip scale. Critical to this realization is a rapid tunable frequency comb that is stabilized to the optical references, thereby coherently linking optical and electronic frequencies. In this work, we advance the on-chip OFD technology using an integrated high-speed PZT stress-optic actuator on the SiN soliton microcomb resonator. The integrated PZT actuator tunes the resonance frequency of the soliton-generating microresonator with a bandwidth exceeding 10s MHz and independently adjusts the soliton repetition rate without perturbing the frequency comb offset. Optical frequency division and low-noise mmWave generation are demonstrated by feedback control of the soliton repetition rate through the integrated PZT-actuator, and the soliton microcomb is stabilized to a pair of reference lasers that are locked to an integrated 4-meter SiN coil reference cavity. Our approach provides a fast, versatile and integrated control mechanism for OFD oscillators and their applications in advanced communications, sensing, and precise timing.

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Ruxuan Liu, Mark W. Harrington, Shuman Sun, Fatemehsadat Tabatabaei, Samin Hanifi, Meiting Song, Kaikai Liu, Jiawei Wang, Haoran Chen, Zijiao Yang, Beichen Wang, Fateme Majdi, Paul A. Morton, Karl D. Nelson, Steve M. Bowers, Andreas Beling, Daniel J. Blumenthal, Xu Yi. 2025-07-22. Photonic chip-based optical frequency division with PZT-integrated soliton microcombs. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16948

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