Understanding Learning Dynamics Through Structured Representations

Saleh Nikooroo; Thomas Engel

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arXiv · 2508.02126

Understanding Learning Dynamics Through Structured Representations

Saleh Nikooroo·Thomas Engel

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Abstract

While modern deep networks have demonstrated remarkable versatility, their training dynamics remain poorly understood--often driven more by empirical tweaks than architectural insight. This paper investigates how internal structural choices shape the behavior of learning systems. Building on prior efforts that introduced simple architectural constraints, we explore the broader implications of structure for convergence, generalization, and adaptation. Our approach centers on a family of enriched transformation layers that incorporate constrained pathways and adaptive corrections. We analyze how these structures influence gradient flow, spectral sensitivity, and fixed-point behavior--uncovering mechanisms that contribute to training stability and representational regularity. Theoretical analysis is paired with empirical studies on synthetic and structured tasks, demonstrating improved robustness, smoother optimization, and scalable depth behavior. Rather than prescribing fixed templates, we emphasize principles of tractable design that can steer learning behavior in interpretable ways. Our findings support a growing view that architectural design is not merely a matter of performance tuning, but a critical axis for shaping learning dynamics in scalable and trustworthy neural systems.

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Saleh Nikooroo, Thomas Engel. 2025-08-23. Understanding Learning Dynamics Through Structured Representations. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02126

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