Mixed Precision Photonic Computing with 3D Electronic-Photonic Integrated Circuits

Georgios Charalampous; Rui Chen; Mehmet Berkay On; Aslan Nasirov; Chun-Yi Cheng; Mahmoud AbdelGhany; Arka Majumdar; Ji Wang; Jennifer A. Black; Rajkumar Chinnakonda Kubendran; Caglar Oskay; Zhaojun Bai; Sam Palermo; Scott B. Papp; S. J. Ben Yoo

arXiv · 2508.03063

Mixed Precision Photonic Computing with 3D Electronic-Photonic Integrated Circuits

Georgios Charalampous·Rui Chen·Mehmet Berkay On·Aslan Nasirov·Chun-Yi Cheng·Mahmoud AbdelGhany·Arka Majumdar·Ji Wang·Jennifer A. Black·Rajkumar Chinnakonda Kubendran·Caglar Oskay·Zhaojun Bai·Sam Palermo·Scott B. Papp·S. J. Ben Yoo

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Abstract

We propose advancing photonic in-memory computing through three-dimensional photonic-electronic integrated circuits using phase-change materials (PCM) and AlGaAs-CMOS technology. These circuits offer high precision (greater than 12 bits), scalability (greater than 1024 by 1024), and massive parallelism (greater than 1 million operations) across the wavelength, spatial, and temporal domains at ultra-low power (less than 1 watt per PetaOPS). Monolithically integrated hybrid PCM-AlGaAs memory resonators handle coarse-precision iterations (greater than 5-bit most significant bit precision) through reversible PCM phase transitions. Electro-optic memristive tuning enables fine-precision updates (greater than 8-bit least significant bit precision), resulting in over 12-bit precision for in-memory computing. The use of low-loss PCM (less than 0.01 dB per cm) and electro-optical tuning yields memristive optical resonators with high Q-factors (greater than 1 million), low insertion loss, and low tuning power. A W by W photonic tensor core composed of PCM-AlGaAs memresonators performs general matrix multiplication (GEMM) across W wavelengths from optical frequency combs, with minimal crosstalk and loss. Hierarchical scaling in the wavelength domain (K) and spatial domain (L) enables this system to address high-dimensional (N) scientific partial differential equation (PDE) problems in a single constant-time operation, compared to the conventional quadratic-time (N squared) computational complexity.

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Georgios Charalampous, Rui Chen, Mehmet Berkay On, Aslan Nasirov, Chun-Yi Cheng, Mahmoud AbdelGhany, Arka Majumdar, Ji Wang, Jennifer A. Black, Rajkumar Chinnakonda Kubendran, Caglar Oskay, Zhaojun Bai, Sam Palermo, Scott B. Papp, S. J. Ben Yoo. 2025-08-05. Mixed Precision Photonic Computing with 3D Electronic-Photonic Integrated Circuits. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03063

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