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arXiv · 2508.03627

Learning Event-recording Automata Passively

Anirban Majumdar·Sayan Mukherjee·Jean-François Raskin
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Abstract

This paper presents a state-merging algorithm for learning timed languages definable by Event-Recording Automata (ERA) using positive and negative samples in the form of symbolic timed words. Our algorithm, LEAP (Learning Event-recording Automata Passively), constructs a possibly nondeterministic ERA from such samples based on merging techniques. We prove that determining whether two ERA states can be merged while preserving sample consistency is an NP-complete problem, and address this with a practical SMT-based solution. Our implementation demonstrates the algorithm's effectiveness through examples. We also show that every ERA-definable language can be inferred using our algorithm with a suitable sample.

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Anirban Majumdar, Sayan Mukherjee, Jean-François Raskin. 2025-08-05. Learning Event-recording Automata Passively. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03627

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