Long-term behavior of the master equation on a countable network and approximation methods of the (stationary) solutions via finite subsystems in the thermodynamic limit

Bernd Michael Fernengel; Thilo Gross; Wolfram Just

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arXiv · 2508.05665

Long-term behavior of the master equation on a countable network and approximation methods of the (stationary) solutions via finite subsystems in the thermodynamic limit

Bernd Michael Fernengel·Thilo Gross·Wolfram Just

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Abstract

The Master equation on directed networks - also called the differential Chapman-Kolmogorov equation - is a linear differential equation, which describes the probability evolution in a discrete system. While this is well understood, if the underlying graph is finite, the mathematics required for the treatment of a network with countable many nodes is way more complicated and advanced. In this paper we provide criteria for the rates of the system, which makes it possible to approximate the solution by finite subsystems in the thermodynamic limit. By writing the phase space as a direct sum of stationary states and states which vanish in the time limit, we give a new proof of when the time limit for an countable, infinite dimensional system exists and when it can be interchanged with the limit of large systems. We give sufficient criteria, when these two limits commute and demonstrate on various examples, what happens when these criteria are violated and only one of these limits exists.

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Bernd Michael Fernengel, Thilo Gross, Wolfram Just. 2025-11-19. Long-term behavior of the master equation on a countable network and approximation methods of the (stationary) solutions via finite subsystems in the thermodynamic limit. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05665

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