An effective version of Chebotarev's density theorem

Abstract

Chebotarev's density theorem asserts that the prime ideals are equidistributed among the conjugacy classes of the Galois group of any normal extension of number fields. An effective version of this theorem was first established by Lagarias and Odlyzko in 1977. In this article, we present an explicit refinement of their statement that applies to all non-rational fields, with every implicit constant expressed explicitly in terms of the field invariants. Additionally, we provide a sharper bound for extensions of sufficiently small degree. Our approach begins by proving an explicit formula for a smoothed prime ideal counting function. This relies on recent zero-free regions for Dedekind zeta functions, improved estimates on the number of low-lying zeros, and precise bounds for sums over the non-trivial zeros of the Dedekind $ζ$-function.