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arXiv · 2508.11039

Information Transmission and Processing in G-Protein-Coupled-Receptor Complexes

Roger D. Jones·Achille Giacometti·Alan M. Jones
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Abstract

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are central to cellular information processing, yet the physical principles governing their switching behavior remain incompletely understood. We present a first principles theoretical framework, grounded in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, to describe GPCR switching as observed in light-controlled impedance assays. The model identifies two fundamental control parameters: (1) ATP/GTP-driven chemical flux through the receptor complex, and (2) the free-energy difference between phosphorylated and dephosphorylated switch states. Together, these parameters defin the switch configuration. The model predicts that GPCRs can occupy one of three quasi-stable configurations, each corresponding to a local maximum in information transmission. Active states support chemical flux and exist in an on or off switch configuration, whereas inactive states lack flux, introducing a distinction absent in conventional phosphorylation models. The model takes two ligand-derived inputs: fixed structural features and inducible conformations (e.g. cis or trans). It shows that phosphatase activity, modeled as an energy barrier, chiefly governs on/off occupancy, whereas the kinase sustains flux without directly determining the switch configuration. Comparison with experimental data confirms the predicted existence of multiple quasi-stable states modulated by ligand conformation. Importantly, this framework generalizes beyond GPCRs to encompass a wider class of biological switching systems driven by nonequilibrium chemical flux.

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Roger D. Jones, Achille Giacometti, Alan M. Jones. 2026-01-18. Information Transmission and Processing in G-Protein-Coupled-Receptor Complexes. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2026.105706

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