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arXiv · 2508.11083

Generalized Neumann boundary condition for the scalar field

J. C. Fernandes·J. P. Ferreira·F. E. Barone·F. A. Barone·G. Flores-Hidalgo·L. H. C. Borges
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Abstract

In this paper, we explore the Klein-Gordon field theory in $(D+1)$ dimensions in the presence of a $(D-1)$-dimensional hyperplanar $δ$-like potential that couples quadratically to the field derivatives. This model effectively generalizes the Neumann boundary condition for the scalar field on the plane, as it reduces to this condition in an appropriate limit of the coupling parameter. Specifically, we calculate the modifications to the Feynman propagator induced by the planar potential and analyze the interaction energy between a stationary point-like source and the potential, obtaining a general and exact expression. We demonstrate that, under certain conditions relating the field mass and the coupling constant to the external potential, the vacuum state becomes unstable, giving rise to a pair-creation phenomenon that resembles the Schwinger effect in quantum electrodynamics.

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J. C. Fernandes, J. P. Ferreira, F. E. Barone, F. A. Barone, G. Flores-Hidalgo, L. H. C. Borges. 2025-08-14. Generalized Neumann boundary condition for the scalar field. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp%2Fs13360-025-07144-9

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