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arXiv · 2508.16213

MedOmni-45°: A Safety-Performance Benchmark for Reasoning-Oriented LLMs in Medicine

Kaiyuan Ji·Yijin Guo·Zicheng Zhang·Xiangyang Zhu·Yuan Tian·Ning Liu·Guangtao Zhai
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Abstract

With the increasing use of large language models (LLMs) in medical decision-support, it is essential to evaluate not only their final answers but also the reliability of their reasoning. Two key risks are Chain-of-Thought (CoT) faithfulness -- whether reasoning aligns with responses and medical facts -- and sycophancy, where models follow misleading cues over correctness. Existing benchmarks often collapse such vulnerabilities into single accuracy scores. To address this, we introduce MedOmni-45 Degrees, a benchmark and workflow designed to quantify safety-performance trade-offs under manipulative hint conditions. It contains 1,804 reasoning-focused medical questions across six specialties and three task types, including 500 from MedMCQA. Each question is paired with seven manipulative hint types and a no-hint baseline, producing about 27K inputs. We evaluate seven LLMs spanning open- vs. closed-source, general-purpose vs. medical, and base vs. reasoning-enhanced models, totaling over 189K inferences. Three metrics -- Accuracy, CoT-Faithfulness, and Anti-Sycophancy -- are combined into a composite score visualized with a 45 Degrees plot. Results show a consistent safety-performance trade-off, with no model surpassing the diagonal. The open-source QwQ-32B performs closest (43.81 Degrees), balancing safety and accuracy but not leading in both. MedOmni-45 Degrees thus provides a focused benchmark for exposing reasoning vulnerabilities in medical LLMs and guiding safer model development.

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Kaiyuan Ji, Yijin Guo, Zicheng Zhang, Xiangyang Zhu, Yuan Tian, Ning Liu, Guangtao Zhai. 2025-08-22. MedOmni-45°: A Safety-Performance Benchmark for Reasoning-Oriented LLMs in Medicine. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16213

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