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arXiv · 2508.20844

First Evidence of Solar Neutrino Interactions on $^{13}$C

SNO+ Collaboration·:·M. Abreu·A. Allega·M. R. Anderson·S. Andringa·D. M. Asner·D. J. Auty·A. Bacon·T. Baltazar·F. Barão·N. Barros·R. Bayes·E. W. Beier·A. Bialek·S. D. Biller·E. Caden·M. Chen·S. Cheng·B. Cleveland·D. Cookman·J. Corning·S. DeGraw·R. Dehghani·J. Deloye·M. M. Depatie·F. Di Lodovico·C. Dima·J. Dittmer·K. H. Dixon·M. S. Esmaeilian·E. Falk·N. Fatemighomi·R. Ford·A. Gaur·O. I. González-Reina·D. Gooding·C. Grant·J. Grove·S. Hall·A. L. Hallin·D. Hallman·M. R. Hebert·W. J. Heintzelman·R. L. Helmer·C. Hewitt·B. Hreljac·P. Huang·R. Hunt-Stokes·A. S. Inácio·C. J. Jillings·S. Kaluzienski·T. Kaptanoglu·J. Kladnik·J. R. Klein·L. L. Kormos·B. Krar·C. Kraus·C. B. Krauss·T. Kroupová·C. Lake·L. Lebanowski·C. Lefebvre·V. Lozza·M. Luo·S. Maguire·A. Maio·S. Manecki·J. Maneira·R. D. Martin·N. McCauley·A. B. McDonald·G. Milton·D. Morris·M. Mubasher·S. Naugle·L. J. Nolan·H. M. O'Keeffe·G. D. Orebi Gann·S. Ouyang·J. Page·S. Pal·K. Paleshi·W. Parker·L. J. Pickard·B. Quenallata·P. Ravi·A. Reichold·S. Riccetto·J. Rose·R. Rosero·J. Shen·J. Simms·P. Skensved·M. Smiley·R. Tafirout·B. Tam·J. Tseng·E. Vázquez-Jáuregui·J. G. C. Veinot
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Abstract

The SNO+ Collaboration reports the first evidence of $^{8}\text{B}$ solar neutrinos interacting on $^{13}\text{C}$ nuclei. The charged current interaction proceeds through $^{13}\text{C} + ν_e \rightarrow {}^{13}\text{N} + e^-$ which is followed, with a 10 minute half-life, by ${}^{13}\text{N} \rightarrow {}^{13}\text{C} + e^+ +ν_e .$ The detection strategy is based on the delayed coincidence between the electron and the positron. Evidence for the charged current signal is presented with a significance of 4.2$σ$. Using the natural abundance of $^{13}\text{C}$ present in the scintillator, 5.7 tonnes of $^{13}\text{C}$ over 231 days of data were used in this analysis. The 5.6$^{+3.0}_{-2.3}$ observed events in the data set are consistent with the expectation of 4.7$^{+0.6}_{-1.3}$ events. This result is the second real-time measurement of CC interactions of $^{8}\text{B}$ neutrinos with nuclei and constitutes the lowest energy observation of neutrino interactions on $^{13}\text{C}$ generally. This enables the first direct measurement of the CC $ν_e$ reaction to the ground state of ${}^{13}\text{N}$, yielding an average cross section of $(16.1 ^{+8.5}_{-6.7} (\text{stat.}) ^{+1.6}_{-2.7} (\text{syst.}) )\times 10^{-43}$ cm$^{2}$ over the relevant $^{8}\text{B}$ solar neutrino energies.

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SNO+ Collaboration, :, M. Abreu, A. Allega, M. R. Anderson, S. Andringa, D. M. Asner, D. J. Auty, A. Bacon, T. Baltazar, F. Barão, N. Barros, R. Bayes, E. W. Beier, A. Bialek, S. D. Biller, E. Caden, M. Chen, S. Cheng, B. Cleveland, D. Cookman, J. Corning, S. DeGraw, R. Dehghani, J. Deloye, M. M. Depatie, F. Di Lodovico, C. Dima, J. Dittmer, K. H. Dixon, M. S. Esmaeilian, E. Falk, N. Fatemighomi, R. Ford, A. Gaur, O. I. González-Reina, D. Gooding, C. Grant, J. Grove, S. Hall, A. L. Hallin, D. Hallman, M. R. Hebert, W. J. Heintzelman, R. L. Helmer, C. Hewitt, B. Hreljac, P. Huang, R. Hunt-Stokes, A. S. Inácio, C. J. Jillings, S. Kaluzienski, T. Kaptanoglu, J. Kladnik, J. R. Klein, L. L. Kormos, B. Krar, C. Kraus, C. B. Krauss, T. Kroupová, C. Lake, L. Lebanowski, C. Lefebvre, V. Lozza, M. Luo, S. Maguire, A. Maio, S. Manecki, J. Maneira, R. D. Martin, N. McCauley, A. B. McDonald, G. Milton, D. Morris, M. Mubasher, S. Naugle, L. J. Nolan, H. M. O'Keeffe, G. D. Orebi Gann, S. Ouyang, J. Page, S. Pal, K. Paleshi, W. Parker, L. J. Pickard, B. Quenallata, P. Ravi, A. Reichold, S. Riccetto, J. Rose, R. Rosero, J. Shen, J. Simms, P. Skensved, M. Smiley, R. Tafirout, B. Tam, J. Tseng, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, J. G. C. Veinot. 2025-10-29. First Evidence of Solar Neutrino Interactions on $^{13}$C. https://doi.org/10.1103/1frl-95gj

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