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arXiv · 2508.21333

Nonlinear refrigerator with a finite-sized cold heat bath

I. Iyyappan·Yuki Izumida·Sibasish Ghosh
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Abstract

We study the refrigerator working between a finite-sized cold heat bath and an infinite-sized hot heat bath (environment) in the nonlinear response regime. We assume that the initial temperature $T_i$ of the finite-sized cold heat bath satisfies $T_i\leq T_h$, where $T_h$ is the temperature of the hot heat bath. By consuming the input power, the refrigerator transfers the heat from a finite-sized cold heat bath to the hot heat bath. Hence, the temperature of the finite-sized cold heat bath decreases until it reaches the desired low-temperature $T_f$. By minimizing the input work for the heat transport process, we derive the optimal path for temperature change. We calculate the coefficient of performance as a function of average input power. We also obtain the bounds for the coefficient of performance by applying the asymmetric dissipation limits. For the parameter values considered in this study, we observe that the relation between the coefficient of performance and the average input power strongly depends on the nature of the finite-sized heat cold bath.

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I. Iyyappan, Yuki Izumida, Sibasish Ghosh. 2026-08-28. Nonlinear refrigerator with a finite-sized cold heat bath. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21333

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