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arXiv · 2509.00494

Stochastic Two-temperature Nonequilibrium Ising model

Debraj Dutta·Ritwick Sarkar·Urna Basu
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Abstract

We investigate the nonequilibrium stationary state (NESS) of the two-dimensional Ising model under a stochastic dichotomous modulation of temperature, which alternates between $T_c \pm δ$ around the critical temperature $T_c$ at a rate $γ$. Both magnetization and energy exhibit non-monotonic dependence on $γ$, explained by a renewal approach in the slow-switching limit, while for small $δ$ dynamical response theory quantitatively captures the $γ$-dependence of the observables. In the fast-switching regime, the NESS appears Boltzmann-like with a $γ$-dependent effective temperature. However, a finite energy current flowing through the system from hot to cold reservoir confirms the intrinsic nonequilibrium nature of the dynamics.

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Debraj Dutta, Ritwick Sarkar, Urna Basu. 2026-03-17. Stochastic Two-temperature Nonequilibrium Ising model. https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630%2Fae4776

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