PointSlice: Accurate and Efficient Slice-Based Representation for 3D Object Detection from Point Clouds

Abstract

3D object detection from point clouds plays a critical role in autonomous driving. Currently, the primary methods for point cloud processing are voxel-based and pillar-based approaches. Voxel-based methods offer high accuracy through fine-grained spatial segmentation but suffer from slower inference speeds. Pillar-based methods enhance inference speed but typically lag behind voxel-based methods in detection accuracy. To address this trade-off, we propose a novel point cloud processing method, PointSlice, which slices point clouds along the horizontal plane and incorporates a dedicated detection network. The main contributions of PointSlice are: (1) A novel slice-based representation that converts 3D point clouds into multiple sets of 2D (x-y) data slices. The model explicitly learns 2D data distributions by treating the 3D point cloud as separate batches of 2D data, which significantly reduces the parameter count and enhances inference speed; (2) The introduction of a Slice Interaction Network (SIN). To preserve vertical geometric relationships across slices, we incorporate SIN into the 2D backbone network, thereby improving the model's 3D perception capability. Extensive experiments demonstrate that PointSlice achieves a superior balance between detection accuracy and efficiency. On the Waymo Open Dataset, PointSlice achieves a 1.13$\times$ speedup and uses 0.79$\times$ the parameters of the state-of-the-art voxel-based method (SAFDNet), with a marginal 1.2 mAPH accuracy reduction. On the nuScenes dataset, we achieve a state-of-the-art 66.7 mAP. On the Argoverse 2 dataset, PointSlice is 1.10$\times$ faster with 0.66$\times$ the parameters, while showing a negligible accuracy drop of 1.0 mAP. The source code is available at https://github.com/qifeng22/PointSlice2.