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arXiv · 2509.05442

The MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey -- II. Catalogue of the diffuse radio emission in MeerKAT-GCLS clusters

Konstantinos Kolokythas·Tiziana Venturi·Kenda Knowles·Marcus Brüggen·Francesco de Gasperin·S. Precious Sikhosana·Tracy E. Clarke·Oleg Smirnov·S. Ilani Loubser·Kavilian Moodley
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Abstract

We present a follow-up study focused on cluster-scale diffuse radio emissions in 115 galaxy clusters in the Southern sky, using full-resolution (7.8") and tapered low-resolution (15") images from the MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey (MGCLS). In this MGCLS follow-up paper, we update and quantitatively characterise the presence of diffuse radio emission and provide detailed catalogue information on its radio properties at 1.28 GHz. As the MGCLS sample is heterogeneous and was initially used as a test bed to reveal the scientific potential of MeerKAT, the reported numbers are subject to this special case. More than half ($\sim$54%; 62/115) of the observed MGCLS clusters present diffuse cluster radio emission, with the total number of diffuse radio sources or candidates detected being 103. Including candidates, we find that radio relics are the most frequently detected diffuse sources in MGCLS at 53% (55/103), followed by halos at 32% (33/103) and mini-halos at 10% (11/103), with only 3% (3/103) being Phoenixes. The sizes of the diffuse radio structures and candidates range from 55 kpc to over 2 Mpc, with $P_{1.28GHz}$ radio power ranging from $10^{22}$ W Hz$^{-1}$ to greater than $10^{25}$ W Hz$^{-1}$. In-band radio spectral index estimates reveal revived radio plasma emissions that exhibit steep radio spectral indices down to $α^{1656}_{908} \sim -3.5$. Mini-halos and their respective candidates are detected mainly in low-mass ($M_{500}$ $\leq$ 5$\times10^{14}$ M$_\odot$) and low-power ($P_{1.4GHz}$ $\leq$ $10^{23}$ W Hz$^{-1}$) systems. We suggest the presence of a statistically significant correlation between the 1.4 GHz radio power and the cluster mass for mini-halo (and candidate) systems.

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Konstantinos Kolokythas, Tiziana Venturi, Kenda Knowles, Marcus Brüggen, Francesco de Gasperin, S. Precious Sikhosana, Tracy E. Clarke, Oleg Smirnov, S. Ilani Loubser, Kavilian Moodley. 2025-09-05. The MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey -- II. Catalogue of the diffuse radio emission in MeerKAT-GCLS clusters. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05442

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