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arXiv · 2509.08002

Density Matrix-based Dynamics for Quantum Robotic Swarms

Maria Mannone·Mahathi Anand·Peppino Fazio·Abdalla Swikir
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Abstract

In a robotic swarm, parameters such as position and proximity to the target can be described in terms of probability amplitudes. This idea led to recent studies on a quantum approach to the definition of the swarm, including a block-matrix representation. However, the size of such matrix-based representation increases drastically with the swarm size, making them impractical for large swarms. Hence, in this work, we propose a new approach for modeling robotic swarms and robotic networks by considering them as mixed quantum states that can be represented mathematically via density matrices. The size of such an approach only depends on the available degrees of freedom of the robot, and not its swarm size and thus scales well to large swarms. Moreover, it also enables the extraction of local information of the robots from the global swarm information contained in the density matrices, facilitating decentralized behavior that aligns with the collective swarm behavior. Our approach is validated on several simulations including large-scale swarms of up to 1000 robots. Finally, we provide some directions for future research that could potentially widen the impact of our approach.

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Maria Mannone, Mahathi Anand, Peppino Fazio, Abdalla Swikir. 2026-03-15. Density Matrix-based Dynamics for Quantum Robotic Swarms. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2026.105418

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