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arXiv · 2509.08963

Value bounds and Convergence Analysis for Averages of LRP attributions

Alexander Binder·Nastaran Takmil-Homayouni·Urun Dogan
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Abstract

We analyze numerical properties of Layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP)-type attribution methods by representing them as a product of modified gradient matrices. This representation creates an analogy to matrix multiplications of Jacobi-matrices which arise from the chain rule of differentiation. In order to shed light on the distribution of attribution values, we derive upper bounds for singular values. Furthermore we derive component-wise bounds for attribution map values. As a main result, we apply these component-wise bounds to obtain multiplicative constants. These constants govern the convergence of empirical means of attributions to expectations of attribution maps. This finding has important implications for scenarios where multiple non-geometric data augmentations are applied to individual test samples, as well as for Smoothgrad-type attribution methods. In particular, our analysis reveals that the constants for LRP-beta remain independent of weight norms, a significant distinction from both gradient-based methods and LRP-epsilon.

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Alexander Binder, Nastaran Takmil-Homayouni, Urun Dogan. 2025-09-10. Value bounds and Convergence Analysis for Averages of LRP attributions. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08963

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