Realization of large magnetocaloric effect in the Kagome antiferromagnet Gd3BWO9 for Sub-Kelvin cryogenic refrigeration

Fangyuan Song; Xinyang Liu; Chao Dong; Jin Zhou; Xinlong Shi; Yuyan Han; Langsheng Ling; Huifen Ren; Songliu Yuan; Shun Wang; Junsen Xiang; Peijie Sun; Zhaoming Tian

arXiv · 2509.11300

Realization of large magnetocaloric effect in the Kagome antiferromagnet Gd3BWO9 for Sub-Kelvin cryogenic refrigeration

Fangyuan Song·Xinyang Liu·Chao Dong·Jin Zhou·Xinlong Shi·Yuyan Han·Langsheng Ling·Huifen Ren·Songliu Yuan·Shun Wang·Junsen Xiang·Peijie Sun·Zhaoming Tian

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Abstract

Rare-earth (RE) based frustrated magnets have attracted great attention as excellent candidates for magnetic refrigeration at sub-Kelvin temperatures, while the experimental identification on systems exhibiting both large volumetric cooling capacity and reduced working temperatures far below 1 K remain to be a challenge. Here, through the ultra-low temperature magnetism and thermodynamic characterizations, we unveil the large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) realized at sub-Kelvin temperatures in the frustrated Kagome antiferromagnet Gd3BWO9 with TN~1.0 K. The isothermal magnetization curves indicate the existence of field (B) induced anisotropic magnetic phase diagrams, where four distinct magnetic phases for B // c-axis and five magnetic phases for B // ab-plane are identified at T< TN. The analysis of magnetic entropy S(B, T) data and direct adiabatic demagnetization tests reveal a remarkable cooling performance at sub-Kelvin temperatures featured by a large volumetric entropy density 502.2 mJ/K/cm3 and a low attainable minimal temperature Tmin~168 mK from the initial cooling condition of 2 K and 6 T, surpassing most of Gd-based refrigerants previously documented in temperature ranges of 0.25-4 K. The realized Tmin~168 mK far below TN ~ 1.0 K in Gd3BWO9 is related to the combined effects of magnetic frustration and criticality-enhanced MCE, which together leave a substantial magnetic entropy at reduced temperatures by enhancing spin fluctuations.

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Fangyuan Song, Xinyang Liu, Chao Dong, Jin Zhou, Xinlong Shi, Yuyan Han, Langsheng Ling, Huifen Ren, Songliu Yuan, Shun Wang, Junsen Xiang, Peijie Sun, Zhaoming Tian. 2025-09-14. Realization of large magnetocaloric effect in the Kagome antiferromagnet Gd3BWO9 for Sub-Kelvin cryogenic refrigeration. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11300

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