Search arXiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2509.22326

Radio-PPG: photoplethysmogram digital twin synthesis using deep neural representation of 6G/WiFi ISAC signals

Israel Jesus Santos Filho·Muhammad Mahboob Ur Rahman·Taous-Meriem Laleg-Kirati·Tareq Al-Naffouri
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Digital twins for 1D bio-signals enable real-time monitoring of physiological processes of a person, which enables early disease diagnosis and personalized treatment. This work introduces a novel non-contact method for digital twin (DT) photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal synthesis under the umbrella of 6G/WiFi integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems. We employ a software-defined radio (SDR) operating at 5.23 GHz that illuminates the chest of a nearby person with a wideband 6G/WiFi signal and collects the reflected signals. This allows us to acquire Radio-PPG dataset that consists of 300 minutes worth of near synchronous 64-channel radio data, PPG data, along with the labels (three body vitals) of 30 healthy subjects. With this, we test two artificial intelligence (AI) models for DT-PPG signal synthesis: i) discrete cosine transform followed by a multi-layer perceptron, ii) two U-NET models (Approximation network, Refinement network) in cascade, along with a custom loss function. Experimental results indicate that U-NET model achieves an impressive relative mean absolute error of 0.194 with a small ISAC sensing overhead of 15.62%, for DT-PPG synthesis. Furthermore, we performed quality assessment of the synthetic DT-PPG by computing the accuracy of DT-PPG-based vitals estimation and feature extraction, which turned out to be at par with that of reference PPG-based vitals estimation and feature extraction. This work highlights the potential of generative AI and 6G/WiFi ISAC technologies and serves as a foundational step towards the development of non-contact screening tools for covid-19, cardiovascular diseases and well-being assessment of people with special needs.

Explore related subjects

cs.ITeess.SPmath.IT

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Israel Jesus Santos Filho, Muhammad Mahboob Ur Rahman, Taous-Meriem Laleg-Kirati, Tareq Al-Naffouri. 2025-09-26. Radio-PPG: photoplethysmogram digital twin synthesis using deep neural representation of 6G/WiFi ISAC signals. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22326

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Bistatic Target Detection by Exploiting Both Deterministic Pilots and Unknown Random Data Payloads

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) plays a crucial role in 6G, to enable innovative applications such as drone surveillance, urban air mobility, and low-altitude logistics. However, the hybrid ISAC signal, which comprises deterministic pilot and random data payload components, poses challenges for target detection due to two reasons: 1) these two components cause coupled shifts in both the mean and variance of the received signal, and 2) the random data payloads are typically unknown to the sensing receiver in the bistatic setting. Unfortunately, these challenges could not be tackled by existing target detection algorithms. In this paper, a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT)-based detector is derived, by leveraging the known deterministic pilots and the statistical characteristics of the unknown random data payloads. Due to the analytical intractability of exact performance characterization, we perform an asymptotic analysis for the false alarm probability and detection probability of the proposed detector. The results highlight a critical trade-off: both deterministic and random components improve detection reliability, but the latter also brings statistical uncertainty that hinders detection performance. Simulations validate the theoretical findings and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed detector, which highlights the necessity of designing a dedicated detector to fully exploited the signaling resources assigned to random data payloads.

cs.IT↗
arXiv2026

On Unbiased Parameter Estimation and Signal Reconstruction

In this paper, we extend the theory of depth-unbiased source localization to unbiased parameter estimation and signal reconstruction for an arbitrary number of non-zero parameters. The topic touches on exact reconstructibility, most commonly studied in compressed sensing and multisource estimation across various imaging problems. The theoretical results derive upper bounds on the number of recoverable parameters in the noiseless case, and define a probability measure to assess the likelihood of recovering all non-zero parameters with correct magnitude order. The work provides a mathematical explanation of the open question regarding the noise robustness of standardized and unbiased methods. The paper also reveals a trade-off between the number of sensors and the signal-to-noise ratio. Numerical experiments demonstrate the theoretical findings.

cs.IT↗
arXiv2026

Minimum enclosing Bregman balls made easy

In this work, we revisit the problem of computing minimum enclosing Bregman balls (Bregman MEBs) of finite sets of parameters. First, we show that Bregman MEBs are equivalent to MEBs of corresponding weighted point sets with respect to the power distance. We then report an efficient Frank--Wolfe $(1+ε)$-approximation algorithm for computing power MEBs, for any $ε>0$. This power MEB approximation algorithm coincides with the Bregman MEB approximation algorithm of Nock and Nielsen (2005) when expressed in the dual gradient space. Finally, we show that the Bregman potential lifting transforms used to construct Bregman Voronoi diagrams can be reinterpreted as the classical paraboloid lifting transform applied to corresponding weighted point sets. In particular, Bregman MEB circumcenters lie on the farthest Bregman Voronoi diagrams or equivalently on the corresponding farthest power diagrams.

cs.IT↗