Search arXivSearch

arXiv · 2509.22680

Cognition Engines: A Row-Scale HVDC Architecture for Computational Continuity of AI

Abstract

AI training creates synchronized, step-dominant surges with millisecond edges that destabilize constant-power loads (Choukse et al., 2025; arXiv:2508.14318). We propose a physics-anchored row-scale $\pm 400$ Vdc architecture that makes Computational Continuity a structural property. DRUs supply fast energy via controlled droop; SSTs regulate average power with bounded ramps and no reverse power flow and no high-frequency export at the PCC; import is subjected to a bounded dP/dt envelope; film capacitance and clamps absorb the first edge. The contract is explicit: $\pm 1\%$ steady-band, $\leq 2\%$ transient deviation, $\leq 3$ ms recovery, $\geq 45^{\circ}$ margin, reserve floors intact, yields spine and lowest branches. Recharge is valley-following (admitted only below Avg with MW headroom; $\leq 5$ kW/s per row ramps). Protection is time-graded (branch $μ$s, row ms, MW seconds). Scaling preserves invariants from row to pod/hall/campus without retuning. Conformance is by waveform evidence (microsecond branch clears, $2\%/50$ ms holds, FLISR with no reverse power flow and no high-frequency export at the PCC). The result is not tuning but a contract for continuity.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Paul Churnock. 2025-09-16. Cognition Engines: A Row-Scale HVDC Architecture for Computational Continuity of AI. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22680

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

Beyond HBM-on-GPU: Thermal Design Envelope for 3D Volumetric DRAM-on-GPU Integration

The scaling of GPUs for AI and HPC workloads is increasingly constrained by the capacity, bandwidth, and thermal limits of both 2.5D HBM-GPU and direct-stacked 3D HBM-on-GPU integration. This work establishes the thermal design envelope for 3D volumetric DRAM-on-GPU integration, in which vertically oriented DRAM dies and interleaved cooling cavities reshape heat flow and memory interfacing above the GPU. Using a package-level thermal model anchored to a consistent HBM-on-GPU baseline and driven by a realistic reticle-scale non-uniform GPU power map, we quantify the key parameters governing thermal feasibility. Stack height is the dominant limiter of peak temperature, while cooling-cavity conductivity shifts the feasible region, and mold insertion and stack orientation further modulate thermal behavior. A distributed memory-controller and network-on-chip tier introduces only a moderate thermal penalty. Although die-level parallelism increases bandwidth, the reduction in simulated training time saturates once execution becomes compute-bound. These results define a bounded co-design space across bandwidth, capacity, and thermal constraints for 3D volumetric DRAM-on-GPU integration.

cs.ET

Droop-Aware Foundation Model Power Flow

This paper develops a droop-aware extension of the GridFM power systems foundation model, embedding droop gains and frequency/voltage deadband parameters as per-bus node features to enable control-aware AC power-flow analysis. Existing power-flow datasets encode only static electrical features, conflating operating points from qualitatively different control regimes; this work resolves that gap by exposing droop and deadband parameters as structured node features, with deadband discontinuities handled through a smooth tanh approximation that preserves solver differentiability. A transformer-based graph neural network is pre-trained on masked reconstruction and fine-tuned on the resulting control-aware datasets. The framework is validated against PSCAD electromagnetic-transient simulations on a two-bus system (0.11% maximum steady-state error) and cross-validated against an independent PyPower droop solver on the IEEE 24-bus RTS. On the 24-bus system the surrogate attains R2 = 0.9996 for active generation and 0.0015 p.u. voltage-magnitude RMSE; scalability is confirmed on the IEEE 300-bus system (0.0036 p.u. RMSE, R2 = 0.9841 for voltage magnitude across 299,700 predictions). A three-mode control study further shows that the deadband widens the control-error distribution while leaving total droop compensation unchanged, establishing deadband width as an actionable node-level design feature.

cs.ET

GNN-based Path-aware multi-view Circuit Learning for Technology Mapping

Traditional technology mapping suffers from systemic inaccuracies in delay estimation due to its reliance on abstract, technology-agnostic delay models that fail to capture the nuanced timing behavior behavior of real post-mapping circuits. To address this fundamental limitation, we introduce GPA(graph neural network (GNN)-based Path-Aware multi-view circuit learning), a novel GNN framework that learns precise, data-driven delay predictions by synergistically fusing three complementary views of circuit structure: And-Inverter Graphs (AIGs)-based functional encoding, post-mapping technology emphasizes critical timing paths. Trained exclusively on real cell delays extracted from critical paths of industrial-grade post-mapping netlists, GPA learns to classify cut delays with unprecedented accuracy, directly informing smarter mapping decisions. Evaluated on the 19 EPFL combinational benchmarks, GPA achieves 19.9%, 2.1% and 4.1% average delay reduction over the conventional heuristics methods (techmap, MCH) and the prior state-of-the-art ML-based approach SLAP, respectively-without compromising area efficiency.

cs.ET